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 The Anglo-Norman period in English literature, roughly spanning from the Norman Conquest of 1066 to the mid-14th century, represents a pivotal era of transformation in the literary landscape of England. This period, initiated by William the Conqueror’s victory at the Battle of Hastings, brought profound cultural and linguistic changes that reshaped the production and development of literature in England. Below, we explore this dynamic period by examining its historical context, the dominance of French and Latin literature, the persistence and evolution of English literary traditions, and the lasting influence on the trajectory of English literature. Historical and Linguistic Context The Norman Conquest of 1066 marked a significant turning point for England, introducing a new ruling class of Norman French speakers. This event established a linguistic hierarchy : French became the language of the court, administration, and the elite; Latin remained the language of the church and sch...

 The Anglo-Saxon period is a time in history when groups of people from northern Europe, mainly the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, moved to Britain. This happened around the 5th to 11th centuries AD, after the Romans left Britain. These tribes settled in what is now England and parts of Scotland, bringing their language, culture, and way of life. During this time, they formed small kingdoms, farmed the land, and fought battles with each other and against invaders like the Vikings later on. Their language became what we now call Old English, which is an early form of the English we speak today. The period ended in 1066 when the Normans, led by William the Conqueror, invaded and took over England. Historical Context Timeframe: Roughly 410 AD to 1066 AD . Start: Roman withdrawal from Britain around 410 AD left a power vacuum, enabling Germanic tribes to settle. End: The Norman Conquest in 1066 marked a shift to Norman rule and the transition to Middle English. Migration: The Angles, Saxon...

 It's 22 March Today. It's Bihar Diwas (Bihar Day), a very special day for Bihar and Biharis. It is a day of political and cultural awakening among Biharis. However, instead of just pushing jingoism, let's do a reality check on the present state of Bihar.  Bihar, historically a cradle of civilization with intellectual hubs like Nalanda and Vikramshila, faced economic decline over centuries due to colonial exploitation, natural disasters, and post-independence neglect. By the mid-20th century, the state struggled with poverty, unemployment, and underdevelopment, lagging behind India’s more industrialized or urbanized regions. This economic hardship pushed waves of Bihari laborers to migrate to cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, etc. in search of work, often taking up low-paying manual jobs—rickshaw pullers, construction workers, or street vendors. In these urban centers, they became visible symbols of rural poverty, and their sheer numbers made them an easy targe...

An American theologian and author James Freeman Clarke once tried to differentiate between a politician and a statesman. In his article “ Wanted, a statesman ”, he writes “A politician thinks of the next election, while the statesman thinks of the next generation.” By this definition, Prime Minister Modi is not more than a politician. Though by other definition, he is not even a politician but merely an RSS pracharak . A politician thinks of the next election, while the statesman thinks of the next generation. The National Sample Survey Office(NSSO) latest survey on unemployment figures for 2017-18 rings a buzzing alarm to the situation of joblessness. The unemployment rate stands four decades high i.e., of 6.1 per cent during 2017-18. But instead of working to fix this problem, the government tried to cover up the data. NITI Aayog, which has a close affinity with the PMO, claimed that the report “was not finalized but at a draft stage” and also said that the past surveys...

As the Modi-led BJP government has failed to rescue India from Job crisis in its five-year term, the question is whether the government has done enough to maintain the equilibrium in the job market of the country? And whether or not the government should be held liable for creating this crisis in the first place? Screenshot from movie 3 idiots Article 41 {Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases} under DPSP says: “The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want.” The DPSP cannot be enforced by any court, but the principles laid down in this part are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country, and it should be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. We also need to look back to Mo...

In 2014, BJP in their campaign claimed that: there is no Modi-wave but it is the Tsunami of Narendra Modi (TsuNaMo). It now appears that the TsuNaMo was actually Tsunami of joblessness and has silently brought a massive disaster in India. The major victims are the young people who after finishing their education were hoping for a great career ahead. It is the TsuNaMo that has crushed their hope. Now that  chowkidar  Modi is going for his re-election, it's time to make him accountable. Image for representational purpose only If the 2014 election was fought on the issue of corruption, 2019 could have been fought on the issue of unemployment. But it doesn't seem to be progressing that way. As the election approaches, Indian weather is becoming hot with topics associated with nationalism such as Kashmir. The separatists and the  deshdrohis  speaking about  azadi  and removal of the army from disturbed areas of Kashmir only help ...

The media advisor to former prime minister Manmohan Singh, with his boring job, has been able to commercialize a story of his boss right to the screen. No one would have imagined this possibility when the book was launched in the midst of the 2014 election; when it also made a buzz with the allegations giving birth to controversies. But with the change of government after the election, things cooled down and people forgot their highly qualified yet good-for-nothing economist PM. Only till next election though. ⭐⭐ (2/5) Directed by - Vijay Ratnakar Gutte Starring - Anupam Kher, Akshaye Khanna, Suzanne Bernert Storyline: Non-fiction, dramatized biography of former PM Manmohan Singh Prime characters  Sanjay Baru: Media advisor to the PM and the narrator Manmohan Singh: The Accidental Prime Minister (2003-2014) Sonia Gandhi: The villain-in-chief, is an evil Italian woman using proxies to get hold of power and control things remotely through Manmohan Singh Rahul Gandhi: ...

ON THE VERY FIRST DAY OF 2019, with an exclusive interview to the ANI, Narendra Bahubali made his intentions crystal clear. That the Bahubali is not gratified with just one term and is ready to battle for the another. For the critics, it would be interesting to find out if there is going to be any Katappa or it’ll be a Katappa-less battle. Ok, let's be serious. Politics is a serious subject, no? Let’s talk about Smita Prakash who seems to be Mr Modi's preferred choice of journalists in order to move and shake the political discourse of the nation. Speaking of her, I must tell you, the lady is a very great listener. To interview someone like Modi, you need to be a good listener rather than a good speaker. Because, you know, he goes on and on… and on. Eventually, he ends up wooing you. Though not if you have some predefined political goals or loyalty to a particular party. The interview was much-needed from him to upgrade his party’s morale for the bigger battle ah...